الدفع بعدم الدستورية أمام الجهات القضائية الجزائية في الجزائر

Abstract

Abstract: The plea of unconstitutionality is considered one of the modern mechanisms adopted by the Algerian legal system to protect constitutional rights and freedoms by allowing individuals to challenge the constitutionality of legislative provisions applied to them during judicial proceedings. This system was first introduced through the 2016 constitutional amendment and was later reinforced by the 2020 Constitution, which granted the Constitutional Court the authority to rule on such pleas. It aims to uphold the principle of constitutional supremacy, strengthen constitutional review, and ensure the conformity of laws with constitutional provisions, thereby contributing to the protection of fundamental rights and the consolidation of the rule of law in Algeria. ........................... الملخــــــــــــــص: يُعدّ الدفع بعدم الدستورية من الآليات الحديثة التي تبناها النظام القانوني الجزائري لحماية الحقوق والحريات الدستورية، من خلال تمكين الأفراد من الطعن في دستورية النصوص التشريعية المطبقة عليهم أثناء سير الدعوى القضائية. وقد أُقرّ هذا النظام لأول مرة بموجب تعديل 2016، ثم عززه دستور 2020 بمنح المحكمة الدستورية صلاحية الفصل فيه. ويهدف إلى تكريس مبدأ سمو الدستور وتعزيز الرقابة على القوانين وضمان توافقها مع أحكامه، بما يساهم في حماية الحقوق الأساسية وترسيخ دولة القانون في الجزائر. ........................... Abstract: The plea of unconstitutionality is considered one of the modern mechanisms adopted by the Algerian legal system to protect constitutional rights and freedoms by allowing individuals to challenge the constitutionality of legislative provisions applied to them during judicial proceedings. This system was first introduced through the 2016 constitutional amendment and was later reinforced by the 2020 Constitution, which granted the Constitutional Court the authority to rule on such pleas. It aims to uphold the principle of constitutional supremacy, strengthen constitutional review, and ensure the conformity of laws with constitutional provisions, thereby contributing to the protection of fundamental rights and the consolidation of the rule of law in Algeria. Key word : Plea of Unconstitutionality , Constitutional Review, Protection of Rights and Freedoms

Résumé : La question prioritaire de constitutionnalité constitue l’un des mécanismes modernes adoptés par le système juridique algérien pour la protection des droits et libertés constitutionnels. Elle permet aux justiciables de contester la constitutionnalité des dispositions législatives qui leur sont appliquées au cours d’un procès. Ce mécanisme a été introduit pour la première fois par la révision constitutionnelle de 2016, puis renforcé par la Constitution de 2020 qui a confié à la Cour constitutionnelle la compétence de statuer sur ces recours. Il vise à consacrer le principe de la suprématie de la Constitution, à renforcer le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois et à garantir leur conformité aux dispositions constitutionnelles, contribuant ainsi à la protection des droits fondamentaux et à la consolidation de l’État de droit en Algérie.