Department of Biology
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Item Etude des effets biologiques de la propolis de la région de Souk Ahras(2024) Ouahab AminaPropolis is a sticky substance that foraging Apismellifera bees get from the buds and resins of some plants. Its biochemical composition changes depending on the plant it comes from. Bees use it to construct and mold the hive. Because of its complex composition and wide range of associated activities, researchers continue to investigate propolis properties. The aim of this study is to enhance the value of propolis through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of its composition and by using in vitro methods to evaluate the biological effects of two samples of propolis collected from the regions (Lakhdara and Bendeda), located in the province of Souk Ahras in eastern Algeria. We carried out the extraction using a simple maceration method in a solution of 70% ethanol and 70% acetone (Solvent/Water; 70/30; v/v), resulting in four distinct extracts EEP1, EAP1, EEP2, and EAP2. The extraction yield varies from 18.32% to 34.54%, indicating that it is dependent on both the extraction solvents and the geographical origin of the propolis. The quantitative analysis showed that these extracts were very high in phenolic compounds. The concentrations of total polyphenols reached 211.06 μg GAE/mg, flavonoids reached 91.18 μg EQ/mg, and condensed tannins reached 83.87 μg TAE/mg. We used chromatographic techniques (GC/MS and HPLC/MS) to characterize and identify these compounds. The results showed that they contained terpenes, cinnamic acids, phenols, and flavonoids like caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin, chrysin, and catechin. Additionally, we observed that all extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity, as evidenced by a strong radical scavenging effect for DPPH, ABTS, and GOR, as well as a high reduction capacity in the presence of copper and iron ions (CUPRAC, PR, and phenolthroline methods). The CI50 values (DPPH = 3.49 μg/ml, ABTS = 3.11 μg/ml, GOR = 16.08 μg/ml) and A0.5 values (CUPRAC = 4.63 μg/ml, PR = 7.43 μg/ml, Phen = 10.25 μg/ml) were noteworthy for the most active extract. The EEP2 and EAP2 extracts possess an inhibitory potential of the actylcholinesterase enzyme with CI50s of 10.00 and 11.38µg/ml, respectively. Using the method of thermal denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the study of propolis'sin vitro anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated the ability of all extracts to inhibit protein denaturation. The observed inhibition rates range from 91.01% to 97.04%, compared to the standard sodium diclofenac, which has an inhibition rate of 98.09%. Furthermore, the crude propolis extracts showed antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphlococcusaureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. The EEP1 and EAP1 extracts had an interesting effect on the Gram-positive strain Bacillus cereus. They had inhibition zones of 15 mm and 13 mm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 6.25 mg/ml for EEP1 and 12.5 mg/ml for EAP1. On the other hand, the effect is less significant on the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (9 mm, MIC = 50 mg/ml). The rest of the bacteria showed some resistance. The propolis extracts showed strong inhibitory activity against the phytopathogenic fungi that were tested, highlighting their antifungal properties. The ethanolic extract (EEP2) was the most effective, showing inhibition rates of up to 73% against Fusariumoxysporum f. s. lycopersici and 69% against Botrytis cinerea.Item Efficacité de quelques extraits botaniques à l’égard de Culex pipiens L. (Diptera : Culicidae) ; Caractérisation chimique, Toxicité, Biochimie et Reproduction(2024) Draouet ChaimaMosquitoes are the most medically important vector borne disease arthropods. Unfortunately, their resistance to conventional insecticides is a growing global threat that needs to be addressed. Plant-derived pesticides are biodegradable, ecofriendly, and could be an alternative to synthetic pesticides. The present study was designed to explore the insecticidal effect of ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of Borago officinalis (Boraginaceae) and Lantana camara(Verbenaceae). Results of the larvicidal activity of different extracts were estimated against newly molted fourth-instar larvae (L4) of CulexpipiensL. (Diptera: Culicidae). According to the calculated lethal concentrations (LC30 and LC50), the ethanolic extract of L. camaraflowers was the most toxic with an LC50 = 1.48% compared to the other extracts. The extracts affected the growth and development of Cx. pipiens. L. camaraand B. officinalis leaf extracts decreased the body weight of the studied instars and significantly prolonged L4 and pupal development durations, and females appeared more sensitive. In addition, whole-body biochemical analyses of the different developmental instars indicated a significant decrease in energy reserve levels (carbohydrates and lipids) and an increase in proteins in females following application of the four extracts. Neurotoxicity (inhibition of specific AChE activity) was revealed in L4 treated with the extracts, with a more pronounced effect with B. officinalis. B. officinalis leaf extract deviated the sex ratio of adults in favor of males. Also, wing length of both sexes and reproductive potential (fertility and fecundity) were significantly decreased in adults from L4 treated with the ethanolic extract of L. camara flowers. The detoxification system (GST induction) was induced during the first 24h with L. camaraand during 48h with B. officinalis. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves of B. officinalisand the flowers of L. camararevealed significant contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins, with a very significant antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory activity was identical. The results reveal that the extracts of both tested plants could be used to control mosquito larvae and adults, instead of conventional insecticides. Further studies must be conducted to identify the active components and their mode of action.Item Valorisation des plantes médicinales à viseés thérapeutique vétérinaire étude de l'activité antimicrobienne(2024) Djebrane ChahineseOur study consists to valorize the veterinary use of medicinal plants, through the evaluation of the situation of their uses and the appreciation of the plants as animal medication. The work begins with an exploratory survey to give an idea of the interest in the practice of phytotherapy among professionals of veterinary medicine as well as the pharmacovigilance among them; Then an analytical part which aims to evaluate some biological characteristics and chemical composition of some extracts (essential oils) of plants of the traditional Algerian pharmacopoeia, in this case Pistacia lentiscus and Myrtus communis, this component also lead by a histological study of plants Lavandula stoechas and Myrtus communis, to determine the internal structure of the leaves and to identify the secretive sites of each selected medicinal plant Finally, a clinical part carried out by evaluating the biological antibacterial and antifungal effect of some extracts (essential oils) of plants of the traditional Algerian pharmacopoeia, in this case Pistacia lentiscus. The results obtained indicate a relatively important prescription of conventional drugs in livestock, namely cattle and sheep. According to the statements of various practitioners solicited, despite the rare practices in the bovine sector, the use of medicinal plants (phytotherapy) in veterinary medicine remains far below the world average. The yield of plants in essential oils very low, a heterogeneous organoleptic quality in the same region some components of have been identified by thin layer chromatography and the histological study of leaves shows the presence of secretory sites at the level of the leaves of Lavandula stoechas and Myrtus communis. The results of the study of the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus show that the activity of half of the bacterial strains used is inactivated by the essential oil of the mastic tree, for the antifungal activity is almost null. And for the antifungal study on dermatophyts show that the essential oil, exhibit a different inhibitory activity depending on the origin and concentration of essential oil.Item Caractérisation phytochimique de l’orge nue hydroponique, analyse du potentiel antioxydant et étude de la tolérance au stress salin.(2024) Bechiri RomayssaT he effect of salinity on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters was studied in nine varieties, three varieties of durum wheat (AinLahma, Cirta, Wahbi), three varieties of soft wheat (Boumrzougue, Akamoukh, Massin) and two varieties of dressed barley (Saida, Barbrous) including the new variety of naked barley (Chaiirennabi), under three concentrations (4.2g/l, 6g/l and 12g/l) of NaCl in a hydroponic culture. The response of these nine varieties and with a comparative analysis of morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters, it was noted that there is a positive correlation between leaf area, relative water content and total chlorophyll content, as well as a correlation regarding the variety-treatment interaction. However, salt treatment caused a decrease in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and specific leaf surface area, fresh and dry weight of roots. The results showed a better tolerance to salinity of the Barbarous (Ob) barley variety. This tolerance was manifested by the lowest decrease in biomass, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll "a" and chlorophyll "b" contents and specific leaf surface area and root length, and a high increase in proline. The aim of this quantitative and qualitative study is to compare the new naked barley variety with other cereals. Regarding the richness in phytonutrients mainly including flavonoids, polyphenols, condensed tannins, the antioxidant power was tested according to the DPPH method of free radical scavenging. The results obtained from the quantitative study of methanolic extracts show that varieties rich in tannins and flavonoids have a significant antioxidant activity compared to a variety rich only in total polyphenols. The results reported the existence of a very highly significant difference (P < 0.001) between the mean inhibition concentrations (IC50) of the new variety ChaiirEnnabi (naked barley) compared to ascorbic acid, which shows a low antioxidant activity of this variety. The Barbarous barley variety (dressed barley) is the only variety that has an IC50 does not differ statistically with the ascorbic acid reference with a significant inhibition percentage (76.49%) therefore a significant antioxidant activity, and high contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and even tannins. The results obtained show that the phytochemical composition varies greatly between the different cereal samples analyzed, and confirm that the antioxidant activity (DPPH or percentage of inhibition) is more correlated with the content of phenolic compounds. Qualitative studies based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of these compounds allow us to visualize phenolic traces of our extracts. The different peaks in the different chromatographic profiles can be classified into three phenolic groups which are: Flavone derivatives (Catechin, rutin, keampherol), cinnamic acid derivatives (ferulic acid, P.Coumaric acid, O.Coumaric acid), and benzoic acid derivatives (protocatechuic acid, benzoic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid; the latter seem to be the majority). For the naked barley variety, the methanolic extract also contains substances belonging to the flavone and flavonol family, as well as phenolic acids. Keampherol, keampherol glycosyl, pholoroglucinol, vanillic acid are the main molecules identified in this variety and potentially interesting for their biological properties.Item Effet des extraits du Figuier de Barbarie ( Opuntia- Ficus- indica) sur le dévloppement des lapins ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS(2024) Bouguerche FaizaDue to multiple uses of Opuntia Ficus Indica, we dedicated a quantitative study following a biological analysis on seeds, or this species was collected on Out 2021 from the area of Sidi-Fredj wilaya of Souk-Ahras (North-East Algeria). In the present study, the chemical analysis of the seeds powder of barbaric fig seeds reveals a moisture percentage of 92% of the dry matter. A yield of 4.36±0.57 and 5.76±0.55 for hydromethanol extract and ethyl acetate respectively. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of certain secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, amines, polyphenols and steroids, and the absence of others such as reducing sugars and quinones, in the different types of extracts. The quantitative analysis was carried out on four types of organic extracts; Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, Ethanol and Hexane, passed by the dosage of Tanins, Flavonoids, and Total Polyphenols. The results obtained from quantitative analyses show that the methanoic extract still has higher values for the three dosages, (316ug/ml±14,42; 182,51ug/ ml±2,18; 454,33ug/mL±2,08 respectively), following the ethyl acetate (283,38ug/ mL±1,19; 118,33g/m L±1,52; 409,4ug/ML±0,52 respectively). Antioxidant power in vitro was estimated by total antioxidant activity, it shows that ethyl acetate and methanol have moderate activity by intake of hexan and ethanol (3.91ug/ml±0.74; 3.56ug/mL±1.15; 3.27ug/ML±0.11; 3.01ug/ms±1.02 respectively), the FRAP iron reduction test has an CI50 of 22.09ug/mm±2.73 in methanole as the most active extract, that of Ascorbic acid 1.21ug/mg±0.36 as positive test indicators.For the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryi-hydrazyl radical reduction test the ethanol extract has an CI50 of 2.19ug/ml±1.16 as the next highest value of Ethyl Acetate with an IC50 of 1.93ug/mL±0.54With regard to the beta-carotene bleaching test the important anti-radical activity is observed in methanol following ethyl acetate (%AA = 2,04ug/ml±0,46; 1,82ug/mL±0,33 respectively). On the other hand, the in vivo study on rabbits OryctolagusCuniculs treated with the feed from seed ‘the turtles, shows a better evolution of the rabbit weight under feeding for the improvement of weight gain, nutritional efficiency and carcass yield in rabbis at the age of 71 days Best dietary and organoleptic quality of rabbit meat species. Biochemical analyses show disturbances in some parameters and decreases in others. It is concluded that the fig tree is a highly sought after plant in various industries, and in the feeding of cattle. Further studies on its nutritional effectiveness and how it is used in animal feeding are recommended for better valorisation of this plant.Item Evaluation of the toxicity of some fertilizers on an animal model bioindicator of pollution ( earthworms). " Evalution de la toxicité de quelques engrais sur un modèle animal bioindicateur de pollution ( vers de terre)."(2024) Aouaichia KhaoulaThe present study applied the adult earthworm species Aporrectodeatrapezoides (Dugès, 1828) as a sentinel bioindicator for assessing the potential risks of ammonium sulfate (AS) and potassium nitrate (NK) fertilizers. Two complementary toxicity tests (lethal and sub-lethal) were conducted in order to determine : the 50 lethal concentration (LC) values of both fertilizers, growth rate, morphological aspect, total protein content, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as the histological alterations in diverse body regions of worm. The lethality tests revealed significantly that the 50 LC values of both AS and NK fertilizers at 14 days (2698.67 and 4955.70 mg/kg of dry soil weight (d.s.w.)) are inferior to the 50 LC values at 7 days (4831.13 and 5530.43 mg/kg d.s.w.), respectively, and that AS fertilizer are more toxic to A. trapezoids than NK fertilizer. Indicates evidently strong toxicological effects at long exposure periods, even with low concentrations. Notably, earthworms exhibited a significant reduction in growth rate under different concentrations (of both AS and NK fertilizers) and exposure time-dependence. Severe morphological alterations were accentuated mainly with increasing concentrations of both AS and NK fertilizers. In addition, an induced depletion of total protein content instigates the activation of the detoxification system through a decrease in GSH levels, accompanied by an increase in GST and GPx activities, and an induction of CAT activity and MDA levels in A. trapezoides under different concentrations and time exposure dependence. Finally, sharp histological texture destruction was observed at different body parts of the worm (body wall, pharynx, digestive tract, and intestinal wall). The study highlights the strong relationship between concentrations and exposure time responses of such inorganic fertilizers and underscores the ability of A. trapezoides earthworm as a valuable biological control agent for soil toxicity. Decisively, this research contributes to the use of biomarkers in evaluating soil toxicity and the biological control of environmental risk assessment that associated with chemical fertilizers.Item Activités biologiques et caractérisations biochimiques des extraits de la plante Peganum harmala: effet sur la cinétique de croissance et production des métabolites des actinomycètes (Streptomyces ayarius sp. S115)(2024) Nait Marzoug AmelThis work contributes to the study of the biological activities of different extracts obtained from the plant Peganum harmala L. and their effect on the growth and production of secondary metabolites of Streptomyces ayarius strainsp. S115. A phytochemical screening was performed to identify the main chemical groups present. Quantitative analysis was done by measuringthe totalpolyphenol and flavonoid content.The antioxidant power of extracts was evaluated in vitro by eight different methods.Enzymatic activity wasestimated by Ellman's method.The morphological characteristics and antibacterial activity of S. ayarius strain sp. S115 seeded in ISP2and the modified ISP2 media was evaluated by well diffusion method.Thebiomass of S. ayarius strain sp. S115 in both media was determined. Growthkinetics and productionof secondary metabolites were studied for 7 days in different carbon and nitrogen sources. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of numerous classes of secondary metabolites.The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest content of polyphenols and flavonoids(237.23 ± 1.06 μg GAE/mg of extract and 82.58 ± 0.03 μg QE/mgof extract, respectively).The ethyl acetate fraction with high phenolic content also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity.In addition, the chloroform fraction showed the most potent inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase(IC50: 14.69 ± 0.10 and 7.36 ± 0.77 µg/ml, respectively).Culture on the modified ISP2 showed an effective growth of S. ayarius strain sp. S115 with changedcolor of the aerial mycelium from gray to white.The antibacterial activity revealed large inhibition zonesagainst the tested pathogenic bacteria compared to those of ISP2with inhibition zones ranging from 13.5 mm to 60.5 mm. Thus, the amount of S. ayarius strain sp. S115biomass was twice as high in the modified ISP2.The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth andproduction of secondary metabolites of S. ayarius strain sp. S115 revealed the highest biomass and antibacterialactivities were obtained through using glucose and tryptone in the modified ISP2, whereas glycerol and yeast extract were found as the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources in ISP2.The present study confirmed the effectiveness of the plant as an important ingredient in the ISP2 medium required for the culture of antibiotic-producing Streptomyces andprovided measurable biological proof of its antioxidantand anti-cholinesterase power.Item Portulaca oleracea L. des zone arides: étude écologique,enquête ethno-pharmacologique et formulation galénique(2024) Bousbia Brahim AidaThis research was conducted to study the valorization of Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) from the Algerian Southeast Sahara region. The study involved ethnopharmacological, ecological, physiological, phytochemical, and therapeutic aspects, culminating in the development of a galenic (pharmaceutical) formulation using the plant's roots and aerial parts. The ethnopharmacological survey provided crucial information about the use of purslane in cuisine and traditional medicine, including its anti-inflammatory, dental, antiseptic, and anticarcinogenic properties. The ecological assessment showed high diversity and balanced distribution of purslane across the studied locations, with around 60% similarity between the biological communities. The physiological study revealed that purslane is rich in organic and mineral matter, particularly in the aerial parts. It has the ability to regulate moisture and adapt to dry conditions. The carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and crude fiber contents varied between the plant parts. The phytochemical analysis identified phenolic compounds like chlorogenic acid, naringin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid, with higher levels in the roots compared to the aerial parts. The antioxidant activity was higher in the aerial parts, while the root extracts exhibited stronger antibacterial properties. The galenic formulation study showed that creams made with purslane, using either vaseline or lanolin as a base, as well as the plant's mucilage, were more effective than the pharmaceutical reference creams used as positive controls. Statistical analysis indicated that the lanolin-based creams at different concentrations were the most effective, with an optimal healing rate achieved at a concentration of 9.6%. In summary, this comprehensive study explored the valorization of Portulaca oleracea L. from the Algerian Southeast Sahara, covering its ethnopharmacological, ecological, physiological, phytochemical, and therapeutic aspects, culminating in the development of an effective galenic formulation.Item Portulaca oleracea L. des zones arides: étude écologique, enquête ethno-pharmacologique et formulation galénique(2024) bousbia brahim aidaAbstract: This research was conducted to study the valorization of Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) from the Algerian Southeast Sahara region. The study involved ethnopharmacological, ecological, physiological, phytochemical, and therapeutic aspects, culminating in the development of a galenic (pharmaceutical) formulation using the plant's roots and aerial parts. The ethnopharmacological survey provided crucial information about the use of purslane in cuisine and traditional medicine, including its anti-inflammatory, dental, antiseptic, and anticarcinogenic properties. The ecological assessment showed high diversity and balanced distribution of purslane across the studied locations, with around 60% similarity between the biological communities. The physiological study revealed that purslane is rich in organic and mineral matter, particularly in the aerial parts. It has the ability to regulate moisture and adapt to dry conditions. The carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and crude fiber contents varied between the plant parts. The phytochemical analysis identified phenolic compounds like chlorogenic acid, naringin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid, with higher levels in the roots compared to the aerial parts. The antioxidant activity was higher in the aerial parts, while the root extracts exhibited stronger antibacterial properties. The galenic formulation study showed that creams made with purslane, using either vaseline or lanolin as a base, as well as the plant's mucilage, were more effective than the pharmaceutical reference creams used as positive controls. Statistical analysis indicated that the lanolin-based creams at different concentrations were the most effective, with an optimal healing rate achieved at a concentration of 9.6%. In summary, this comprehensive study explored the valorization of Portulaca oleracea L. from the Algerian Southeast Sahara, covering its ethnopharmacological, ecological, physiological, phytochemical, and therapeutic aspects, culminating in the development of an effective galenic formulation. ------------- الملخص: في إطار تثمين الموارد النباتية، تم تنفيذ هذا العمل الذي يهدف إلى دراسةصيدلانية عرقية والدراسةالإيكولوجية والفيزيولوجية والفيزيولوجية والفيزيوكيميائية لنبات Portulaca oleracea L.التي توجت بالتركيبة العلاجيةللأجزاء الجذرية والهوائية للنبات. التي تم جمعها من منطقتين في الجنوب الشرقي للصحراء الجزائرية. وقد وفر الاستبيان الخاص بالدراسة الصيدلانية العرقية للنبات معلومات أساسية عن الصنف المعني. وقد ساعدتنا هذه المعلومات على فهم تنوع وخصائص هذا النبات في مختلف مناطق الدراسة، واستكشفنا كيفية استخدامه في الطبخ والتداوي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، اكتشفنا أن نبات الرجلة يُستخدم أيضًا في الطب التقليدي لخصائصه المضادة للالتهابات، ومضادات التهاب الأسنان، والمطهرة والمضادة للسرطان. تم حساب المؤشرات البيئية من نتائج المسوحات التي أجريت خلال بحثنا ، أظهرت جميع المحطات تنوعاً كبيراً وتنوعا بيولوجيا عاليا ، وتوزيعاً أكثر توازناً للفئات، فضلاً عن تشابه يصل إلى 60% بين المجتمعات البيولوجية. أظهرت الدراسة الفسيولوجية أن الأس الهيدروجيني كان متعادلاً بشكل عام لكن قيم التوصيل الكهربائي ونسبة الرماد اختلفت حسب نوع التربة، الرجلة غنية جداً بالمواد العضوية والمعدنية وتحديداً الأجزاء الهوائية، هذا النوع لديه القدرة على تعديل الرطوبة والتكيف مع الجفاف،تقدير الكربوهيدرات أظهر انها متقاربة لكن مستويات الدهون والبروتين والألياف الخام متفاوتة. فيما يخص الجانب الفيتوكيميائي ، فإن النتائج الكمية والنوعية للمركبات الفينولية في المستخلص،أظهرت تميز مركبات البوليفينول بارتفاع مستواها في الجذور مقارنة بالأجزاء الهوائية. تم إجراء التحليل النوعي و الكمي للمستخلصات الخام بواسطة HPLC وفقاً لنتائجنا، نلاحظ وجود حمض الكلوروجينيك والنارينجين الموجودان في جميع الأجزاء وفي جميع المستخلصات, كما كان حمض الغاليك وحمض الكافيين موجودين أيضاً في 09 مستخلصات، وكذلك حمض الفانيلين وحمض الكوماريك اللذين كانا موجودين بشكل معتدل، بينما كان الروتين أقل المركبات الفينولية وجوداً. من الأطياف المقدمة بواسطة FTIR تم تحديد نوع وقيم حزم الامتصاص الطيفي ، وهي O-H، C=C، C=C، S-O، N-H، C-C/C-O؛ وفقاً للنتائج التي تم الحصول عليها في النشاطية المضادة للأكسدة لاحظنا أن عينات الأجزاء الهوائية لهاأفضل نشاط مضاد للأكسدة ، ولها SPFذو حماية ضعيفة بالنسبة لغالبية مستخلصات الجزء الجذري خاصة.بالنسبة للنشاطية البكتيرية أظهرت الطريقة السائلة قوة مضادة للبكتيريا كما لاحظنا أن الجزء الجذري له قوة تثبيط أكثر أهمية من الجزء الهوائي. في جانب التحضيرة الصيدلانية، تمت مراقبة الفئران لمدة 20 يوماً؛ حيث لاحظنا أن جميع الكريمات المصنوعة من نبات الرجلة. سواء القائمة على الفازلين أو القائمة على اللانولين، وكذلك عصارة الرجلة أظهرت فعالية أفضل من الكريمات الصيدلانية سيكاتريل بيو وزيتا 2% المستخدمة كشاهد إيجابي، وأظهر التصنيف الإحصائي أن جميع الكريمات القائمة على اللانولين وبتركيزات مختلفة كانت الأكثر فعالية. باستخدام دالة الانحدار حددنا أقصى سرعة شفاء ممكنة حيث (9.6%) هو التركيز المطلوب. ------------- Résumé: Dans le cadre de la valorisation des phytoressources, on a réalisé ce travail qui vise des études ethno-pharmacologiques, écologiques, physiologiques, phytochimiques et thérapeutiques couronnées par la formulation galénique, à partir des racines et des parties ariennes de Portulacaoleracea L. récoltés de deux régions du Sud-Est du Sahara Algérienne. Le questionnaire ethnopharmacologique sur le pourpier, a permis d'obtenir des informations essentielles sur le taxon en question. Ces informations nous ont aidés à comprendre la diversité et les caractéristiques de cette plante dans différentes régions. Nous avons exploré ses modes d'utilisation en cuisine et en médecine. De plus, nous avons découvert que le pourpier est également utilisé en médecine traditionnelle pour ses propriétés anti-inflammatoires, dentaires, antiseptiques et ses bienfaits anticancérigènes. Les indices écologiques ont été calculés suite aux résultats des relevées établies au cours de nos recherches. En résumé, toutes les stations présentent une grande diversité et un potentiel élevé en termes de variété de catégories distinctes, et une répartition plus équilibrée des catégories, ainsi qu’une similitude entre les communautés biologiques qui atteint 60 %. L'étude physiologique montre que le pH a été en général neutre, mais les valeurs de conductivité électrique et le pourcentage de cendres varient selon le type de sol. Le pourpier est très riche en matière organique et minérale, spécifiquement les parties aériennes. Cette espèce a une capacité de réguler l’humidité et de s’adapter à la sécheresse. Enfin, les teneurs en carbohydrates sont proches mais les taux des lipides, protéines et des fibres brutes ont été variantes. Du côté phytochimique, les résultats quantitatifs et qualitatifs des composés phénoliques de l’extrait ont montré que les polyphénols se caractérisent par un taux élevé au niveau des racines comparé aux parties aériennes. L'analyse qualitative des extraits bruts a été réalisée par HPLC. Selon nos résultats, nous remarquons la présence de l’acide Chlorogénique et du Naringine qui sont présents sur toutes les parties et dans tous les extraits. L’acide Gallique et l’Acide Caféique sont aussi fortement présents au niveau de 09 extraits, ainsi que la Vanilline et l’acide p-Coumarique qui ont une présence modérée, le Rutin et le composé phénolique le moins présent. À partir des spectres présentés par FTIR le type et les valeurs des faisceaux d’absorption spectrale pour ces fonctions ont été déterminés, à savoir : O-H, C=C, S-O, N-H et C-C/C-O ; Selon les résultats obtenus dans l'activité antioxydante, nous avons noté que les échantillons des parties aériennes ont une meilleure activité antioxydante, et ont une faible protection d’SPF surtout pour la majorité de extraits de la partie racinale ; la méthode liquide a montré un pouvoir antibactérien important ou nous avons remarqué que la partie racinale a un pouvoir d’inhibition plus important que celui de la partie aérienne. Dans le coté de formulation Galénique les rats ont été suivit pendant 20 jours ; ou nous avons remarqué que tout le crème réalisé à base de Portulacaoleracea L. soit à base de vaseline ou à base de lanoline, ainsi que le mucilage du pourpier, ont montré une efficacité meilleure à celle des crèmes pharmaceutique Cicatryl Bio et Zeta 2% utilisé comme témoin positive, et le classement statistique montre que toutes les crèmes à bases de lanoline et à différentes concentrations sont les plus efficaces, En utilisant la fonction de régression nous avons déterminer la vitesse de guérison maximale possible où (9.6%) est la concentration souhaitée.Item Recherche des résidus d’antibiotiques dans le lait cru(2024) Benaldjia LoubnaAntibiotics are substances used for preventive, curative, or other purposes. Their excessive and uncontrolled use in cattle farming can lead to the presence of antibiotic residues in food products, posing health risks to consumers. The aim of our study is to investigate antibiotic residues in raw cow's milk from the Souk-Ahras region using a qualitative microbiological method (agar diffusion) with reference strains of Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus. Questionnaires sent to veterinarians in the Souk-Ahras region revealed that the most commonly used antibiotics are penicillins, tetracyclines, amoxicillin, sulfonamides, and aminoglycosides. In this context, 50 samples of raw cow's milk were collected from different farms, The results show that 31 samples of raw cow's milk contain antibiotic residues, with a contamination rate of 62%. Among these positive samples, 21 are contaminated with tetracyclines and/or β-lactams (a rate of 42%), 18 with aminoglycosides (36%), 7 with macrolides and/or β-lactams (14%), and 6 with sulfonamides (12%). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- المضادات الحيوية هي مواد تستخدم لأغراض وقائية أو علاجية أو لأغراض أخرى. يمكن أن يؤدي استخدامها المفرط وغير المنضبط في تربية الماشية إلى وجود بقايا المضادات الحيوية في المواد الغذائية، مما يشكل مخاطر صحية على المستهلك كان الهدف من دراستنا هو فحص بقايا المضادات الحيوية في حليب الأبقار الخام من منطقة سوق أهراس باستخدام طريقة ميكروبيولوجية نوعية (الانتشار الآجاري) باستخدام سلالات مرجعية من العصيات الرقيقة والمكورات الدقيقة. كشفت الاستبيانات المرسلة إلى الجراحين البيطريين في منطقة سوق أهراس أن المضادات الحيوية الأكثر استخدامًا هي: البنسلين والتتراسيكلين والأموكسيسيلين والسلفوناميدات والامينوزيد. و في هذا السياق، تم جمع 50 عينة من حليب الأبقار الخام من مزارع مختلفة، أظهرت النتائج أن 31 عينة من حليب الأبقار الخام تحتوي على بقايا مضادات حيوية، بمعدل تلوث 62%. ومن بين هذه العينات الإيجابية، هناك 21 عينة ملوثة بالتتراسيكلينات و/أو بيتا لاكتامز (بمعدل 42%)، و18 عينة ملوثة بالأمينوغليكوزيدات (36%)، و7 عينات ملوثة بالماكروليدات و/أو بيتا لاكتامز (14%)، و6 عينات ملوثة بالسلفوناميدات (12%) . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Les antibiotiques sont des substances utilisées à des fins préventives, curatives, ou autres. Leur usage excessif et non contrôlé dans l'élevage bovin peut entraîner la présence de résidus d'antibiotiques dans les denrées alimentaires, ce qui présente des risques sanitaires pour le consommateur. L'objectif de notre étude est de rechercher des résidus d'antibiotiques dans le lait cru de vache de la région de Souk-Ahras en utilisant une méthode microbiologique qualitative (diffusion en gélose) avec les souches de référence de Bacillus subtilis et Micrococcus luteus. Les questionnaires adressés aux vétérinaires de la région de Souk-Ahras ont révélé que les antibiotiques les plus couramment utilisés sont : Les pénicillines, les tétracyclines, l'amoxicilline, les sulfamides, et les aminosides. Dans ce contexte, 50 échantillons de lait cru de vache ont été collectés dans différentes fermes, Les résultats montrent que 31 échantillons de lait cru de vache contiennent des résidus d'antibiotiques, avec un taux de contamination de 62%. Parmi ces échantillons positifs, 21 sont contaminés par des tétracyclines et/ou des β-lactamines (soit un taux de 42%), 18 par des aminosides (36%), 7 par des macrolides et/ou des β-lactamines (4%), et 6 par des sulfamides (12%).