تكميم الحمل وتقييم القدرات البدنية الهوائية والالهوائية خالل المرحلة التحضيرية لمستويات األقسام الثالثة لكرة القدم الجزائرية

Abstract

Study Title : Quantification of the workload and evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic physical performance during the preparatory phase for the three division levels of Algerian football Study Summary : Physical demands in football are crucial factors that distinguish between different levels of play. Despite advancements in analysis methods, there remains a need for a precise understanding of the qualitative differences in physical capacities across competitive levels. This study aimed to analyze and compare the main physical performance (total distance, maximum speed, maximum acceleration, number of accelerations, sprint distance, and sprint frequency) among players from the three divisions of professional football. Methodology : The study included a sample of football players from three competitive divisions. Data were collected using 10Hz GPS devices during official matches, with statistical analysis performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc comparison tests to identify differences between the groups. Results : The results revealed statistically significant differences in most of the studied variables : Regarding total distance covered, Division 2 players recorded the highest average of 11.43 km, followed by Division 3 players with 9.93 km, and Division 1 players with 9.60 km. For the number of accelerations, Division 2 players led with an average of 57.40, while Division 1 players came second with 49.10, and Division 3 players recorded the lowest average of 39.60. In sprint distance Division 1 players demonstrated a notable superiority with an average of 226.70 meters, followed by Division 2 players with 200.50 meters, and Division 3 players with 174.70 meters. For maximum speed, Division 1 players maintained the lead with an average of 32 km/h, while the performance of Division 2 and Division 3 players was similar at 30.13 km/h and 30.16 km/h, respectively. Concerning maximum acceleration, Division 1 players recorded the highest value of 6.64 m/s², followed by Division 3 players with 5.83 m/s², and Division 2 players with 5.77 m/s². For sprint frequency, Division 1 players again showed superiority with an average of 0.30%, while Division 2 players recorded 0.20%, and Division 3 players recorded 0.18%. Discussion : The findings indicate a distinct pattern in the distribution of physical performance across different levels. Division 1 players are characterized by explosive capabilities and high physical efficiency, while Division 2 players rely on intense and repeated physical efforts. These differences can be explained by : Differences in tactical approaches and motor efficiency Variations in training programs and selection processes. Differences in the pace of play and match demands. The study confirms that excellence at higher levels depends more on specific physical capacities and performance efficiency than on the total volume of effort exerted. It recommends designing specialized training programs that consider the requirements of each competitive level, with a focus on developing explosive capabilities and motor efficiency to reach higher competitive standards.