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Item Soybean Oil as an Alternative Source of Biodiesel(International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches, 2024-03-20) Rafika HELAIMIAAbstract: The world is fatigued by the devastating consequences of utilizing fossil fuels, which have a detrimental impact on the environment, economy, public policy, and human social interactions. In the pursuit of environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil fuels, various renewable energy sources have emerged. Among these, soybean oil has recently gained attention as a flagship prospect for the most promising energy source of the future. Currently, soybean is being used as a substitute for biodiesel production due to its abundant oil content and renewable nature. With the growing demand for renewable energy sources, soybean has become a viable choice for biodiesel production, providing a sustainable substitute for fossil fuels. The utilization of soybean as a feedstock for biodiesel production has gained popularity in recent years, as it offers a renewable and environmentally friendly solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, agricultural sustainability will be promoted, and new job opportunities will be created. Soybean biodiesel has been found to exhibit similar performance characteristics to petroleum diesel, making it a practical and efficient alternative for transportation and other diesel-powered applications. This article aims to illuminate the significance of using soybean oil as a novel source of biodiesel by understanding its properties, conversion process, and addressing some challenges in adopting it as a renewable energy source.Item Translation and Islamophobia: A Double-Edge Sword(International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches, 2024-03-20) Rafika HELAIMIAAbstract- Prejudice and religious intolerance have become increasingly difficult to ignore in recent times. This has led to the global spread of conflict, discrimination, and terror, with the Muslim community being the most affected. Islamophobia is a term commonly associated with this issue. However, it is often misunderstood and seen as a result of the War on Terror. In reality, it refers to a long-standing religious, political, and social campaign against Islam and Muslims that dates back to the 7th century. The situation has only gotten worse in recent times, particularly with the introduction of advanced ICT technological innovations. These innovations serve as both material and non-material weapons, including translation. Evolving from its original linguistic purpose to a political one, translation can be a double-edged sword in the fight against Islamophobia. On one hand, it can perpetuate false assumptions and stereotypes about Islam, leading to an increase in Islamophobic attitudes. On the other hand, accurate translations have the power to reduce Islamophobia by raising awareness about the true nature of Islam and the discrimination faced by Muslim communities. Muslims frequently face discrimination, xenophobia, verbal and physical abuse, exclusion, and even deportation in Western countries as well as other countries. This paper aims to clarify the phenomenon of Islamophobia and demonstrate how precise translations can help combat it.Item Thorium for Sustainable Nuclear Energy(2023) Rafika HELAIMIASince the 1950s, there has been interest in using thorium in the nuclear fuel cycle as aprimary source of nuclear energy. This is due to its practicality and its likelihood of not becoming scarcein the future. However, in the 2000s, there was a revolution in the international arena to addressenvironmental, economic, and political issues such as global warming, greenhouse gas emissions,depletion of fossil fuels, nuclear proliferation dangers, lack of energy access, and insecurity. The goal ofimplementing a new nuclear strategy is to substitute thorium for uranium as a source of nuclear energy.This is because thorium is naturally abundant and helps to reduce the risk of nuclear accidents andradioactive contamination. Nevertheless, certain nations have faced obstacles in altering their nuclearapproach, mainly due to concerns about the risks associated with nuclear proliferation. But, there areongoing endeavors to realize a significant climate change stabilizing wedge through the implementationof thorium-based reactors. This article explains the properties of thorium, outlines the advantages of usingit, and highlights any limitations to its application, with the aim of addressing these concerns. (PDF) Thorium for Sustainable Nuclear Energy. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374753205_Thorium_for_Sustainable_Nuclear_Energy [accessed Nov 06 2023].Item CLOUD COMPUTING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: PROS AND CONS(2023) Rafika HELAIMIAAbstract – The Breakthrough developments in Information and technology (IT) have led Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to adopt state-of-the-art practices to change their education landscape and enhance their teaching and learning methods. Though different definitions of cloudcomputing, many of them agree that it is a system providing users with distant multi-services and tools through the internet. Cloud Computing characteristics, making it a hub as one of the ever- growing industries nowadays, include on-demand selfservice, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured Service. Besides, cloud computing models contribute to the efficient use of IT. There are three main models: public, private, and community cloud hybrid.They offer services under three delivery models: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Cloud features and services have provided convincing arguments to make cloud computing-based technology solutions a mainstream tool in HEIs running management for the benefit of students, teachers, researchers, and other educational stakeholders. Primarily through its different education cloud applications such as Microsoft Education Cloud Google, Education Cloud Earth Browser, Socratica …etc. These apps offer several significant benefits to technology enhanced learning, like cloud availability, cost- effectiveness, easiness, and safety. However, some limitations make these cloud computing opportunities unattainable and lead to non-cloud adoption as those relating to cloud privacy, security, infrastructures, and management.Item CONDENSATION, DESALINATION, AND WATER RECYCLING TO ENCOUNTER WATER STRESS(2023) Rafika HELAIMIAAbstract – Water is a gift of life from Allah. In Al-Quran, it is stated “And We sent down from the sky water (rain) in (due) measure, and We gave it lodging in the earth, and verily, We are able to take it away.” (1). Though water is indispensable for life and livelihoods, it is becoming a world-pressing societal and geopolitical critical issue, knowing that 800 million people worldwide cannot afford primary access to potable water and that nearly 2.2 billion people lack access to a safe water supply. As a result, freshwater scarcity is now the world's second most pressing concern, after the prompt population increment issue. If the problem of freshwater scarcity persists, ‘the world will miss water-related SDGs by a wide margin’; more than 40% of the world's population will be living in ever-seriously water-stressed regions by 2035 (2); ecosystems will become weakened and will be unable to meet population freshwater supply ; and developing countries will be the most affected, with 80% of their illnesses caused by a lack of access to water as well as poor water quality. To tackle the increased water shortage, reasonable water management methods are required. This article proposes three efficient sustainable water techniques for producing fresh water and thus meeting water scarcity's massive demand, along with their benefits and drawbacks. They are Condensation, desalination, and water recycling.Item FROM CORK WASTE TO ELECTRICAL THERMAL AND HYDROGEN BIOENERGIES(2023) Rafika HELAIMIAAbstract – Several measures have been taken in recent years to reduce the use of fossil fuels and shift toward renewable energy sources such as biomass, particularly cork wastes, which currently generate more than 60% of the energy generated by cork powder energy conversion. This powder’s high calorific content ranging from 4,000 to 7,000 Kcal/kg is natural, renewable, and recyclable, and contributes to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint. Cork wastes are now considered strategic substances due to their significant environmental and socioeconomic roles in the worldwide. The present research relies on cork wastes as potential of electrical, thermal, and hydrogen bioenergy source. Cork properties and energy usages are discussed beginning with cork's environmental, economic, and energy properties and processing through two types of cork wates conversion processing: industry and energy process. The firstl one is in four stages: preparation, transformation, granulation, and transformation, whereas the second one has three phases: extraction of cork, storage of planks, and from micro agglomerated cork stoppers to energy generation, and at the end of the study the three types of bioenergy that cork wastes may produce based on recent academic and research discoveries. Electrical energy, thermal energy, and hydrogen energy are the three types.Item From Food (Bread) waste to Bioethnol Producation(2023) Rafika HELAIMIAAbstract – A handful of studies and rough estimations confirm that roughly 1.3 billion tons of food get wasted. The staggering volume of food waste management has been shed light and constitutes a significant challenge because of -its environmental, social, and economic impacts. Recent estimates suggest that 8- 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions are due to non-food conception, and the global economic costs of food waste have reached US$750 million per Annam. That is why Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 calls for the importance of food waste management. Wastes of bread represent an important fraction of retail food leftovers. If non-consumed food has been widely valorized in previous years, bread waste is nowadays increasingly of heightened attention. Bread waste can be a promising feedstock for producing bioconversion value-added products. Recently, several technological methods have been reported for the possibility of transforming bread waste into eco-friendly materials such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, biohydrogen… etc. This study, based on recent research, sheds light on the possibility to convert food waste, especially bread leftovers into bioethanol by using waste bread as the sole source of nutrients for the growth of Aspergillus niger, which produces glucose, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which produces ethanol from glucose (i).Item Is Green Hydrogen a Potential Sustainable Fuel?(Dr. Umut Özkaya, Konya Technical University, 2023-03-07) Rafika HELAIMIAAbstract – Environmental and anthropogenic factors engendering the rise of environmental carbonization have led to a global growing appetite for introducing the use of sustainable energy in governmental policies. Nowadays Green hydrogen has been brought in the spotlight and recognized as a green alternative to fossil fuels because it is presently enjoying a momentum widespread in Markets, countries, and companies. Hydrogen /energy have shared a long period of history during which hydrogen has gained a great chunk of support from different countries though the wrong starting point. If it is competed by other sources of energy green it has been then adopted as the best energy source in several countries such as Germany, China, the USA, Japan…..because hydrogen is regarded as a ‘missing piece in the carbon-free energy puzzle’: it is a clean energy career which its sustainability and versatility contributing in decarbonizing the environment due to its near-zero carbon missions, as well as a cost-effective production, and as a cutting edge sustainable and technological production, especially in the domain of mobility. That is why it is used as a fundamental fuel in various applications: energy storage, mobility, and in the industrial field, through three types of processes: thermochemical, electrolytic, and biological Processes. Although green hydrogen is recognized as a promising energy vector, it has some drawbacks that ‘should be borne in mind’ such as high production costs, and greenhouse gas emissions.