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Item Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Effects of Methanol Extract, And Consecutive Fractions of Peganum harmala L.(2023-06-01) Nait Marzoug A.,; Khaldi F.,; Ayari A.,; Gali L.,; Gheid A.Peganum harmala L. is a medicinal plant growing in the region of Sidi Fredj of Souk Ahras city (Northeastern of Algeria), whose native populations commonly used this plant to treat various health conditions and illnesses. Up to now, no previous study on the beneficial effects of P.harmala in the Souk Ahras region has been conducted. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the phenolic and flavonoid composition, as well as the antioxidant activities of the methanol extract and its three fractions: chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol from seeds of P. harmala using eight different methods. The inhibitory effect of the extracts against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was also determined. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest amounts of total phenolic and total flavonoid (237.23±1.06 µg GAE/mg and 82.58±0.03 µg QE/mg, respectively). Important antioxidant activity was exerted by the extracts, especially the ethyl acetate fraction, which was the most effective. However, a weak antioxidant activity in Ferrous ions chelation was observed for all extracts with >800 µg/mL. The samples showed also a strong inhibitory effect against AChE and BChE, the chloroform fraction was the most potent with IC50 values of 14.69±0.10 μg/mL against AChE and 7.36±0.77 μg/mL against BChE comparable to that of galantamine. Conclusively, the obtained results proved the beneficial antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of P. harmala-derived bioactive molecules.Item Multi-biomarkers approach to the assessment of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea health status: Preliminary study on Stramonita haemastoma used as a bioindicator for metal contamination(2018-06-25) Bouzahouane, H; Barour,C; Sleimi, N; Ouali, K.The present study aimed to evaluate the responses of different biochemicals parameters associated with environmental pollution in the digestive gland of the gastropod mollusc Stramonita haemastoma. Physiochemical parameters and trace metal elements (Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb)) were measured in seawater. Spatiotemporal variations in reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and metallothionein (Mt) as well as the specific activities of glutathione Stransferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated in digestive gland of this species during a one-year period in 2013e2014. Samples collection was conducted at three sites. The results obtained showed seasonal fluctuations in GST and CAT activities and in the rate of Mt content. In addition, intersite variations in GSH, MDA, Mt and CAT were recorded in individuals. Also, trace metal elements concentrations determined by season in the digestive gland revealed spatial and temporal variations for Cu and Zn but they are below the limit of detection for Cd and Pb. The highest values were generally recorded in spring for Cu and in winter for Zn. In this first regional study using in S. haemastoma as a model, the biomarkers measured were seen to be inducible parameters to evaluate the health state of the organism and the overall quality of the study sites.Item PROPOLIS: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS(2021-06-01) Bouzahouane, B; Adel, A; Guehria, I; Riah, OOver the last few years, propolis has been the object of many studies conducted around the world, and its biological properties and chemical composition have been widely investigated. The present study focuses on the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity as well as an examination of the chemical composition of two samples of propolis from Eastern Algeria coming from the commune of El Mechrouha and Ouled Driss in the wilaya of Souk-Ahras. The two samples are tested for their antimicrobial power by undertaking the agar diffusion technique on eight pathogenic microbial strains (six bacterial strains and two fungal strains) which are: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus thoraltensis, Candida famata and Aspergillus niger. The results obtained clearly show the impact of propolis on the microbial susceptibility of Grampositive bacteria (S. agalactiae and S. aureus), as well as on fungal species (C. famata and A. niger). The analysis of the chemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of the two propolis by UV-visible absorption spectrometry and thin layer chromatography showed that Algerian propolis is wealthy in phenolic compounds, and high performance liquid chromatography allowed the identification of four polyphenols (Gallic acid, Caffeic acid, Quercetin and Catechin). These outcomes permitted a first assessment of the two propolis which present comparable components in their chemical compositions.Item Toxicity and perturbation of the metabolite contents by a chitin synthesis inhibitor in the mosquito larvae of Culiseta longiareolata(2011-01-01) Bouaziz, A; Boudjelida, H; Soltani, NNovaluron is an IGR of the benzoyl urea family, acting as a chitin synthesis inhibitor. The activity of a commercial formulation of Novaluron (10% EC) was tested, at different concentrations, ranging between 0.2 and 1.6 µg/l, against third and fourth-instar larvae of Culiseta longiareolata. (Diptera: Culicidae). The technical material showed a high level of activity with mortality recorded for both treated and following stages and happened after incomplete development. The LC50 values were 0.51 and 0.91 µg/l active ingredient for third and fourth instar larvae; and LC90 values were 2.32 and 4.30 µg/l respectively. In other experiments the compound was applied at LC50 and LC90 against the fourth instars larvae and its effects investigated on biochemical composition of larval body. Metabolite analyzes showed that novaluron affected significantly the amount of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins of fourth instars larvae starting from the day three following treatment. The carbohydrate and lipid amounts increased significantly whereas those of proteins decreased as compared with control series. For the same treated series a significant decrease was also recorded in the body weight with a decrease in development time. In the presence of chitin synthesis inhibitors, the last step of the chitin biosynthesis pathway is inhibited and the precursor is not converted in to chitin. It may either act on the hormonal level in the haemolymph to announce the synthesis, degradation or the inhibition of the metabolites. Than carbohydrates, lipids, proteins are under endocrine control and the exposure of the larvae to this xenobiotic product can modify the synthesis of these metabolites. The data obtained were discussed according to the mode of action of this insect growth regulator and the metabolism of lipids carbohydrates and proteins.Item TOXIC EFFECT OF A CERTAIN MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST LARVAE OF MOSQUITO SPECIES Culiseta longiareolata (MACQUART, 1838)(2022-04-20) AISSAOUI , l; BOUAZIZ , A; BOUDJELIDA, H.The domestic mosquito Culex pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata are considered to be the most important mosquito species in Algeria, due to their large geographical distribution and abundance. Instead of causing environmental nuisance, they transmit diseases to the animals. The mosquito control, using conventional insecticides becomes harmful to human and to the environment and in addition mosquitoes have developed a resistance against these products. These reasons have encouraged scientists to propose new eco-friendly and effective alternatives to control insects. Plants extracts have showed a promising agents for pest treatments. In order to test a botanical larvicide against mosquito, extracts were prepared from the leaves of Marrubium vulgare, Laurus nobilis, Eucalyptus globulus, and Myrtus communis and the extractions were done with methanol, using a Soxhlet extractor. Bioassay was carried out, using different concentrations against the fourth mosquito larvae of the C. longiareolata. The toxicity of the tested extracts was evaluated and the lethal concentrations, LC50 and LC90) values were estimated. The obtained results indicated a sensitivity of Cs. longiareolata larvae to the four plants species, with dose-response relationship mortality. The lethal concentrations were calculated with their confidence limits and their values were for LC50 of 6.13, 7.03, 9.60 and 17.84g/l, while the LC90’s were 22, 37.19, 75.69 and 92.76g/l for M. vulgare, L. nobilis, E. globulus, and Myrtus communis respectively. These toxicological assays, using these autochthon plant extracts could be developed as an alternative compound for mosquito control programme.Item Mosquito survey reveals the first record of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) species in urban area, Annaba district, Northeastern Algeria(2021-03-17) Arroussi, J.E. R; Bouaziz, A; Boudjelida, HThe diversity, distribution and ecology of mosquitoes, especially arbovirus vectors are important indices for arthropod-borne diseases control. The mosquito larvae were collected in different habitats in four sites of Annaba district, Algeria, during the period of March 2018 to February 2019 and the properties of larval habitats were recorded for each site. The systematic study revealed the presence of 8 species belonging to 4 genera; including Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758), Culex modestus (Ficalbi, 1889), Culex theileri (Theobald, 1903), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), Anopheles labranchiae (Falleroni, 1926), Anopheles claviger (Meigen, 1804), Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894). Among the species, C. pipiens presented the highest species abundance (RA %) (55.23%) followed by C. longiareolata (20.21%). The Aedes species are recorded for the first time in the study urban area. Variation of diversity in different sites depends on the type of breeding habitat. These results provided important information on species diversity, distribution and factors associated with breeding habitats. They could be used for the mosquito control and to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases to the population of the region.Item PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LAURUS NOBILIS (LAURACEAE) ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST MOSQUITO LARVAE, CULEX PIPIENS (LINNEAUS, 1758) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) SPECIES(2022-11-11) AISSAOUI, L; BOUAZIZ, A; BOUDJELIDA, H; NAZLI, AThe present study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds and to evaluate the activities of the essential oil (EO) of Laurus nobilis against mosquito larvae, Culex pipiens. The EO was extracted by hydro-distillation from L. nobilis leaves and subsequently, their chemical profile was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. 39 compounds, representing 99.98% of the crude oil were identified; namely 1.8-cineole (22.42%), isolongifolene (10.22%), 3-carene (7.74%), Alpha-zingiberene (6.69%), Eremophilene (4.87%), Aristola-1 (10), 8- diene (3.09%) icyclo, sabinene (4.13%), α-pinene (1.94%) and Beta-caryophyllene (0.36%). Overall, 21 of these components, out of 39, were over 1%. The L. nobilis EO toxicity was tested at different concentrations, ranging between 5 and 35 µl/l, against third and fourth-instar of Cx. pipiens larvae. Mortality was recorded for both stages and their lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were estimated at 3.74 µl/l and 14.47 µl/l for the third-instar larvae and 18 µl/l and 39.08 µl/l for the fourth-instar larvae, respectively. The bioassay results showed a larvicidal effect with a concentration response– relationship. Furthermore, the compound effects, applied at LC50 and LC90 against the fourth-instars larvae showed an increase in the development duration and a disturbance in reproduction. The investigation confirmed the toxicological effects of L. nobilis EO against mosquito larvae; consequently, it could be considered as a potent source for producing natural larvicidal agents and bioinsecticides for pest an insect vector controlItem Impact of an insect growth regulator on the development and the reproduction potency of mosquito(2017-04-18) Bouaziz, A; Khedidja, A; Djeghader, N.E; Aïssaoui, L; Boudjelida, H.Mosquitoes are medically and veterinary important vectors, responsible for the transmission of many human and animal diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and West Nile Fever [1]. The management of disease vectors using conventional neurotoxic pesticides has failed because of the high reproductive ability, development of insecticide resistance of insect species and secondary effects on none target organisms and environment [2]. These reasons are leading the scientists to focus on the search of novel molecules without secondary effects. They proposed the insect growth regulators (I.G.Rs) as new pesticide alternative, that seem to be promising because of their specific mode of action on insects and their lower toxicity against non-target organisms; specially vertebrate, than conventional insecticides [3, 4, 5]. In the last decades, the I.G.Rs compounds have shown promising results in controlling insects of agricultural, medical and veterinary field [6, 7, 8]. Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae) is the most widely distributed mosquito in the world and carries a number of diseases [9]. According to its large distribution, this represents the most interesting mosquito species in Algeria, particularly in urban areas and is generally controlled by conventional insecticides [10]. The disease spread depends directly on insect vector population and consequently, production of eggs by the insect could be a potential target for vector control. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate in laboratory, the effectiveness of an insect growth regulator, RH-0345, after treatment during the fourth instar larvae of the domestic mosquito Culex pipiens, and to provide better insights in the physiology of its mode of action.Item Diatoms diversity and dynamics in a southern Mediterranean lagoon (Mellah, Algeria)(2019-06-18) Draredja, M. A; Barour, C; Frihi, H; Boualleg, C; Laabir, M.The composition and distribution of diatoms were studied using a biweekly sampling performed in three representative stations in the Mellah Lagoon (South Western Mediterranean, Algeria), during 2016. In total, 160 diatoms species - belonging to centric species (52 species) and pennate species (108 species) - were inventoried. The relative abundance of the pennate forms (67.50%) is clearly higher compared to the centric forms (32.50%). The blooms of diatoms are represented by 3 species: Chaetoceros constrictus Gran, 1897 with up to 15000 cells.L-1 (end of May), Chaetoceros sp. with up to 178320 cells.L-1 (early October), and Nitzschia longissima (Brébisson) Ralfs, 1861 with up to 200640 cells.L-1 (early September). Proliferations of three potentially toxic species: Pseudo-nitzschia group delicatissima (Cleve) Heiden, 1928 (2500 cells.L-1), Pseudo-nitzschia group seriata (Cleve) H. Peragallo, 1899 (700 cells.L-1) and Thalassionema nitzschoides (Grunow) Mereschkowsky, 1902 (210 cells.L-1), requires regular monitoring of this ecosystem where the exploitation of the shells is practiced. The diatom populations seem to be structured showing diversity (H’) and equitability (J’) indices reaching 4.56 bits.cell and 0.98 respectively, with the exception of springsummer and summer-autumn transition periodsItem Caracterisation Physico-Chimique Des Eaux Du Barrage Foum El-Khanga (Region De Souk-Ahras, Algerie)(2017-01-01) Allalgua, A; Kaouachi, N; Boualeg, C; Ayari,A.The objective of our work is to assess the quality of the dam Foum El-Khanga (east of Algéria) monthly during the year 2014. This study planned to make a physico-chemical characterization to highlight several parameters which come into play the determination of the quality of this water such as: temperature; pH; conductivity; turbidity; dissolved oxygen; title hydrotimetric; calcium; magnesium; title alcalimetric complet; nitrate; nitrite; ammoniacal nitrogen; sulfate; chloride; bicarbonate; phosphate; iron; biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demands (COD). The results of physico-chemical analysis show that the water of this dam is characterized by a significant mineralization as indicated by high values of electrical conductivity and chloride. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed a stronger relation between the hot season and temperature. However, the cold season was strongly correlated with mineralization and pollution parameters