Department of Biology
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Item COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE TOXICITY OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE AND MERCURIC CHLORIDE ON BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS AND LIPID PROFILES IN WISTAR RATS(2022-06-07) Sayah, S; Khaldi, F; Araar, S; Chaib, S; Gheid, A.This study was designed to compare the between the toxic of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on biochemical markers of liver function, and lipid profiles in Wistar rats. Forty-two male albino Wistar rats were equally divided into three main groups as untreated control (n= 6) group and two treated (n = 6) groups which then were subdivided each into three different subgroups depending on the metal type and doses, namely AlCl3 at doses 7.6, 12.66, and 38 mg/kg body weight (bw), and HgCl2 at doses 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg (bw). Treatments were given to rats orally for 28 days. Results showed a decrease in body weight, and an increase in relative and absolute liver weights, in addition to a significant increase in the levels of serum glucose, bilirubin (total and direct), cholesterol and triglycerides, and the enzymatic activities of transaminases (TGO, TGP) and alkaline phosphatase (PAL), and conversely a decreased level of total proteins in Al and Hg treated animals compared to the controls. The biochemical alterations were supported by the histopathological evaluation of the liver, showing vascular congestion, sinusoid disintegration, centrilobular vein disintegration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In conclusion, AlCl3 and HgCl2 have induced liver dysfunction, and HgCl2 was proved to be a very toxic metaItem Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Propolis from Northeastern Algeria(2022-01-01) Ouahab, A; Grara, N; Menaiaia, K; Khaldi, F; Bensouic, CiPropolis is a bee resinous substance consisting mainly of phenolic compounds having nutritional and therapeutic properties and formed by the mixing of the tree and plant secretions collected by honey bees. Herein, the present study was aimed to assess the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of ethanolic and acetone propolis extracts from two sampling sites in Souk Ahras city (northeast Algeria). The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by using the common antioxidant assays (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], acide 2-2’-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonique) [ABTS], galvinoxyl radical [GOR], and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC]), and the anticholinesterase activity was determined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Moreover, the total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and condensed tannins (CTC) contents were quantified. The propolis extracts showed a potent antioxidant/inhibitory activity which almost met that of synthetic antioxidants used as standards (butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT] and butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA]). In addition, the AChE activity was highly strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the propolis extracts. The propolis extracts proved their richness in bioactive molecules able to enhance various biological activitiesItem Toxicité subChronique des Nanoparticule de ZnO chez Helix aspersa: Etude physiologique et Comportementale(2017-10-10) Grara, N; Khaldi, F; Benamara, A; Zenir, Z; Abdemadjid, S; Bouloudenine, MIn this study we were interested in assessing the impact of ZnO based metal nanoparticles and their effects on body bioaccumulative bioindicator of environmental pollution and an indicator of health status Helix aspersa for the preservation of Human health. This is a sub chronic (28 days) by means of digestive absorption. The toxicity of ZnO is determined in the snail Helix aspersa using a bioassay conducted on laboratory animals exposed to increasing concentrations of ZnO (500 µg/g, 1000 µg/g, 5000 µg/g, 10000 µg/g, 15000 µg/g).Initial results show that the presence of metallic nanoparticles to ZnO growth caused an inhibition dosedependent in the shell diameter. The growth inhibition is also represented by a reduction dose - dependent on the weight of organs especially Soft (digestive gland and kidney), and reduced dose - dependent consumption rate and dry weight of the waste and compartmental disturbances were notedItem Survey of the Physico-chemical and Parasitological Quality of the Wastewaters Used in Irrigation (Souk Ahras, North-East of Algeria)(2020-02-23) Mamine, N; Khaldi, F; Grara, N.The reuse of wastewaters of urban communes of Khmissa (Site 1), Hannancha (Site 2) and Souk Ahras (Site 3) rejected in the Medjerda wadi of Souk Ahras region (North-East Algeria) for agricultural purposes in the far North-East of Algeria is accompanied by health and environmental risks, the evaluation of which requires physico-chemical and parasitological characterization. Biweekly samples were taken from March to August 2019 at the three studied sites wastewaters discharges. The results revealed that the waters studied are characterized by high salt contents, negative redox potential and high levels of turbidity (97.28 ± 18.12 to 111.57 ± 13.11 NTU ), suspended matter (TSS) (351.6 ± 15.52 to 397.33 ± 20.6 mg.L־1), ammonium (8.51 ± 1.94 to 11.19 ± 3.18 mg.L־1) and orthophosphates (3.69 ± 1.40 to 5.29 ± 1.78 mg.L־1), high values in BOD5 (120.62 ± 43.17 to 170.25 ± 32.34 mg.L־1of O2), and COD (286.73 ± 39.65 to 358.9 ± 32.81 mg.L־1of O2) as well as the presence of some metallic trace elements such as cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd). Parasitological analysis shows high contamination of these irrigation waters by helminthes eggs, which exceed widely the standards of use of waste water in agriculture. The application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to conclude that the waters of Medjerda wadi receive urban wastewater from surrounding areas and should not be reused directly in agriculture before being subjected to a processing, in order to improve their quality by meeting the required standards.Item BIOCHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MACROPHYTE PLANT PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS AFFECTED BY ZINC OXIDE(2019-06-03) Khaldi, F; Menaiaia, K; Ouartane, N; Grara,N.The research aimed to understand the behavior of aquatic plants subjected to xenobiotics, a macrophyte plant Phragmites australis from the region of Souk-Ahras, is treated with three concentrations based on zinc oxide (ZnO) (3, 6 and 12 nmol·mL-1) for 7, 14 and 21 days. A measurement of certain biochemical and enzymatic parameters characteristic of oxidative stress allowed us to evaluate not only the effect of zinc oxide but also the behavior of Phragmites australis subjected to this nanometric molecule. The statistical analysis of the results obtained showed no significant differences in all the parameters measured, between leaves and roots. The results of the analysis of heavy metals in wastewater, revealed values lower than the Algerian norm with the exception of Zn. On the other hand, we noticed a high concentration of Zn and a low concentration of Fe and Pb. This result makes it possible to conclude that the wastewater is characterized by a pollution of the metallic type loaded with partially degradable effluents.Item ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL SOIL CONTAMINATION IN SOME NORTHEASTERN ALGERIAN BIOTOPES BY USING THE TERRESTRIAL SNAIL, HELIX ASPERSA(2020-02-01) Guessasma, Z; Khaldi, F; Grara, N; Agouni, M; Sleimi, N.; Benslama MOHAMEDThe study was aimed to assess the ecotoxicological impact of anthropogenic activities on soil quality by using the land snail Helix aspersa as a bioindicator. Soil samples and snails were collected from several sites of northeast Algeria during spring and winter, 2017. All sites were chosen in this study for the reason of their proximity to industrial factories as a potential source of heavy metal soil contamination. The concentration of heavy metals in soil samples was analyzed using the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Model Niton FXL 950) since the three metals of the highest levels in soil samples were examined in Helix aspersa hepatopancreas and feet by means of the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Also, the highest levels of heavy metals were noticed during spring in Helix aspersa of the closest sites to the potential sources of pollution. These results are correlated with the physico-chemical characteristics of soil (texture, organic matter, pH Water, conductivity, limestone, and porosity) in each siteItem TOXICITY OF TWO PESTICIDES(SEKATOR AND PROSARO EC 250) INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN LIVER HISTOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN MALE RABBITS(Oryctolagus Cuniculus)(2022-06-27) Debabsa, R; Grara, N; Khaldi, F; Bouzahouane, H; Guezgouz, N; Gheid, A.Sekator and Prosaro EC 250 are common and widely used pesticides in agriculture in Algeria, but the health toxic effects limit their use. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to highlight the toxic effects of Sekator and Prosaro EC 250 on the liver biochemical markers, including serum total bilirubin, and enzymatic activity of transaminases (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)), and liver histology in male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).A total of forty-two male rabbits were randomely allocated into seven groups of six animals each, including control group (G1), three groups treated orally with three doses of sekator (mg/kg body weight (bw)), namely G2 (0.213mg/kg bw), G3 (0.426mg/kg bw) and G4 (1.066 mg/kg bw), and three groups treated orally with three doses of prosaro EC 250: G5 (0.093mg/kg bw), G6 (0.186 mg/kg bw) and G7 (0.465 mg/kg bw) for three weeks (21 days).Results showed a significant (P <0.001) increase in the liver absolute and relative weights in 1.066mg/kg bw sekator,and in 0.186 mg/kg and 0.465 mg/kg bw Prosaro treated animals compared with controls. Additionally, the enzymatic activity of transaminases (AST / ALT) and the level of serum total bilirubin were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the high doses of both pesticides.The biochemical alterations of the liver induced by sekator and prosaro were supported by the histopathological observations showing venous dilation, inflammation, inflammatory infiltrates,congestion in the portal space, ballooned, vacuolated and necrotic hepatocytes, and sinusoidal dilatationItem TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER IN RATS FOLLOWING 30 DAYS OF REPEATED ORAL EXPOSURE(2022-07-06) Araar, S; Khaldi, F; Sayah, S; Chaib, S; Gheid, A.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subacute toxicity of a synthetic fertilizer widely used in agriculture (Phosfert®, monoammonium phosphate NH4H2PO4 (MAP)) on some haematological and biochemical profiles as well as liver and kidney histology in Wistar rats. MAP was administered to rats orally at 200, 400, and 800mg/kg of body weight doses for 30 days. Results showed decreased body weight and a significant increase in liver and kidney relative weights in MAP-treated rats. In addition, hematotoxicity effect of high doses of MPA was evidenced by decreased levels of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) along with increased levels of white blood cell (WBC) counts. Further, hepatic and renal markers and lipid profiles were markedly increased however; total proteins and albumin levels were considerably decreased in MAP treated rats as compared with controls. These effects were supported by the liver and kidney histopathological evaluations. Conclusively, the study proved that the long-term use and at higher doses of MAP may cause adverse hepatic and renal effectsItem Calcium Nitrate Toxicity on Rat Liver and Kidney Functions: A Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation(2022-06-30) Araar, S; Khaldi, F; Sayah, S; Chaib, S; Gheid, A.Calcium NitrateTetrahydrate is a wide-used nitrogen fertilizer in Algerian agriculture. The present study was aimed to examine the toxic effects of calcium nitrate on kidney and liver functional biochemical markers. Twenty-eight male albino wistar male rats were divided into three treated groups receiving orally 200, 400 and 800mg/kg of calcium nitrate, and one untreated control group. Results showed a dose- dependent increase in kidney and liver relative weights, serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea, creatinine, and uric acid, and enzymatic activity of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. However, serum protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner as compared with those of control group. In addition, hepatic and renal histological changes were evidenced by hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, dilation and sinusoid congestion, atrophy of glomeruli, vascular congestion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. It is noteworthy that these adverse stress effects were higher in 400 and 800 mg/kg calcium nitrate treated rats than those treated with 200mg/kg and control group. In conclusion, the study proved the effective ability of subacute exposure of calcium nitrate to induce liver and kidney stress dysfunctions