الز ارعة المحمیة ك مدخل د ارسة تجربة المیریا اسبانیا

Abstract

ﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﺣوض اﻟﺑﺣر اﻷﺑﯾض اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط أﺣد أﻫم ﻣﻧﺎطق ﺗﻣرﻛز اﻟز ارﻋﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﻣﯾﺔ وﻫذا ارﺟﻊ ﻟﻣﻼءﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎخ وﺗوﻓر اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺷﻣﺳﻲ، إذ ﯾﻣﻛن ز ارﻋﺔ اﻟﺧﺿ اروات ﻓﻲ ﺑﯾوت ﺑﻼﺳﺗﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﺑﺳﯾطﺔ. وﺗﻬدف ﻫذﻩ اﻟد ارﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺳﻠﯾط اﻟﺿوء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺟرﺑﺔ أﻟﻣﯾرﯾﺎ )ﺟﻧوب ﺷرق إﺳﺑﺎﻧﯾﺎ( ﺑﺎﺣﺗواﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻛﺑر ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠز ارﻋﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﻣﯾﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﻓﻲ ﺣوض اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط واﻟﺗﻲ ﺑﻠﻐت ﺧﻼل ﺳﻧﺔ 2015 31.801 ﻫﻛﺗﺎر ، ﺣﯾث اﺳﺗطﺎﻋت ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ اﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎل ﻣن ظروف اﻟﻔﻘر اﻟﻣدﻗﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣ ارﺗب اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺿﻣن اﻟﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺎت اﻻﺳﺑﺎﻧﯾﺔ ذات اﻛﺑر ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﺣﻠﻲ إﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣن ﺧﻼل إﻧﺗﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻔوق 2 ﻣﻠﯾون طن ﻣن اﻟﺧﺿ اروات، وﺗﺗﯾﺢ ﻫذﻩ اﻟز ارﻋﺔ ﻓرص ﻋﻣل ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺟد ﻷﻛﺛر ﻣن 40.000 ﻋﺎﻣل ﺳﻧوﯾﺎ.وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ﺗﺟرﺑﺔ أﻟﻣﯾرﯾﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎل اﻟز ارﻋﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﻣﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﻧﺎﺟﺣﺔ وﺳﺎﻫﻣت ﺑﺷﻛل ﻛﺑﯾر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ﻹﻗﻠﯾم اﻧدﻟوﺳﯾﺎ. The Mediterranean region is considered as one of the most important areas in terms of protected agriculture because of climate suitability and solar radiation availability. Therefore farmers can grow vegetables in simple plastic houses. This study aims to highlight Almeria’s experiment (southeast of Spain) which has the biggest surface of intensive greenhouse crop production in Mediterranean region with 31.801 h in 2015. Almeria was able to shift from extreme poverty to an advanced position among Spanish provinces with the largest gross domestic product, producing more than 2 million tons of vegetables. Protected agriculture provides direct employment for more than 40,000 workers annually. As a result, Almeria's experiment in this field is very successful; it has significantly contributed to the economic development of the Andalusia region..